feat(renderer): contextn, test utils, refactors & changes

modules/renderer/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 add_library_module(renderer
     system.cpp
+    vk/debug/messenger.cpp
     vk/context/instance.cpp
     vk/context/surface.cpp
     vk/context/device.cpp
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ target_link_libraries(renderer
 PUBLIC 
     app 
     ecs
+    memory
 PRIVATE
     surface
     pthread
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@ PRIVATE
 
 add_test_module(renderer 
     system.test.cpp
+    vk/test_utils.cpp
+    vk/debug/messenger.test.cpp
     vk/context/instance.test.cpp
     vk/context/surface.test.cpp
     vk/context/device.test.cpp
@@ -26,3 +30,8 @@ add_test_module(renderer
     vk/context/context.test.cpp
     vk/pipeline.test.cpp
 ) 
+target_link_libraries(renderer_tests
+PRIVATE
+    surface
+    pthread
+)

modules/renderer/private/system.test.cpp

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ private:
 	);
 };
 
-Suite raii = [] {
+Suite raii = "raii"_suite = [] {
 	Case { "happy path won't throw" } = [&] {
 		ignore = create_system();
 	};

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <ranges>
 #include <renderer/vk/context/context.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
 

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 #include <renderer/vk/context/device.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/validation.hpp>
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
 
 Device::Device(const Surface &surface)
 {
+	ensure(surface.vk(), "Failed to initialize vk::Device: null vulkan surface");
+
 	initialize_physical_device();
 	initialize_logical_device();
 	Instance::load_device_functions(m_device);

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.hpp

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory/pointer_types/null_on_move.hpp>
-#include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/vulkan.hpp>
-#include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
 
 class Device
 {
 public:
-	Device(const Surface &surface);
+	Device(const class Surface &surface);
 
 	~Device();
 
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ private:
 
 	void initialize_logical_device();
 
-	void initialize_queue(const Surface &surface);
+	void initialize_queue(const class Surface &surface);
 
 	[[nodiscard]] auto find_suitable_queue_family() const -> uint32_t;
 

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include <ranges>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/device.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
+#include <surface/components.hpp>
+#include <surface/system.hpp>
+#include <test/test.hpp>
+
+using namespace lt;
+using renderer::vk::Device;
+using renderer::vk::Surface;
+using test::Case;
+using test::expect_ne;
+using test::expect_throw;
+using test::Suite;
+
+constexpr auto resolution = math::uvec2 { 800u, 600u };
+
+Suite raii = "device_raii"_suite = [] {
+	Case { "happy path won't throw" } = [] {
+		auto registry = create_ref<ecs::Registry>();
+		auto surface_system = surface::System { registry };
+		auto entity = ecs::Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+		entity.add<surface::SurfaceComponent>(surface::SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+		    .resolution = resolution,
+		    .visible = true,
+		});
+
+		auto surface = Surface { entity };
+		auto device = Device { surface };
+	};
+
+	Case { "many won't freeze/throw" } = [] {
+		auto registry = create_ref<ecs::Registry>();
+		auto surface_system = surface::System { registry };
+		auto entity = ecs::Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+		entity.add<surface::SurfaceComponent>(surface::SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+		    .resolution = resolution,
+		    .visible = true,
+		});
+		auto surface = Surface { entity };
+
+		// it takes a loong time to initialize vulkan + setup device
+		for (auto idx : std::views::iota(0, 10))
+		{
+			Device { surface };
+		}
+	};
+
+	Case { "unhappy path throws" } = [] {
+		auto registry = create_ref<ecs::Registry>();
+		auto surface_system = surface::System { registry };
+		auto entity = ecs::Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+		entity.add<surface::SurfaceComponent>(surface::SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+		    .resolution = resolution,
+		    .visible = true,
+		});
+
+		auto moved_out_surface = Surface { entity };
+		auto surface = std::move(moved_out_surface);
+
+		expect_throw([&] { Device { moved_out_surface }; });
+	};
+
+	Case { "post construct has correct state" } = [] {
+		auto registry = create_ref<ecs::Registry>();
+		auto surface_system = surface::System { registry };
+		auto entity = ecs::Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+		entity.add<surface::SurfaceComponent>(surface::SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+		    .resolution = resolution,
+		    .visible = true,
+		});
+
+		auto surface = Surface { entity };
+		auto device = Device { surface };
+
+		for (auto &index : device.get_family_indices())
+		{
+			expect_ne(index, VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED);
+		}
+		test::expect_true(device.physical());
+		test::expect_true(device.vk());
+	};
+
+	Case { "post destruct has correct state" } = [] {
+		auto registry = create_ref<ecs::Registry>();
+		auto surface_system = surface::System { registry };
+		auto entity = ecs::Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+		entity.add<surface::SurfaceComponent>(surface::SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+		    .resolution = resolution,
+		    .visible = true,
+		});
+
+		auto surface = Surface { entity };
+
+		{
+			auto device = Device { surface };
+		}
+	};
+};

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/instance.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <app/system.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/validation.hpp>
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 	#error "Unsupported platform (currently)"
@@ -113,17 +114,11 @@ Instance::Instance()
 
 	initialize_instance();
 	load_instance_functions();
-	initialize_debug_messenger();
 }
 
 Instance::~Instance()
 {
-	if (m_instance)
-	{
-		vk_destroy_debug_messenger(m_instance, m_debug_messenger, nullptr);
 	vk_destroy_instance(m_instance, nullptr);
-	}
-
 	unload_library();
 }
 
@@ -143,12 +138,83 @@ void Instance::initialize_instance()
 		VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
 		VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
 	};
+
+	const char *layer_name = "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation";
+	const auto setting_validate_core = VkBool32 { VK_TRUE };
+	const auto setting_validate_sync = VkBool32 { VK_TRUE };
+	const auto setting_thread_safety = VkBool32 { VK_TRUE };
+	const auto *setting_debug_action = "";
+	const auto setting_enable_message_limit = VkBool32 { VK_TRUE };
+	const auto setting_duplicate_message_limit = uint32_t { 3u };
+	auto setting_report_flags = std::array<const char *, 5> {
+		"info", "warn", "perf", "error", "verbose",
+	};
+
+	const auto settings = std::array<VkLayerSettingEXT, 7>({
+	    {
+	        .pLayerName = layer_name,
+	        .pSettingName = "validate_core",
+	        .type = VK_LAYER_SETTING_TYPE_BOOL32_EXT,
+	        .valueCount = 1,
+	        .pValues = &setting_validate_core,
+	    },
+	    {
+	        .pLayerName = layer_name,
+	        .pSettingName = "validate_sync",
+	        .type = VK_LAYER_SETTING_TYPE_BOOL32_EXT,
+	        .valueCount = 1,
+	        .pValues = &setting_validate_sync,
+	    },
+	    {
+	        .pLayerName = layer_name,
+	        .pSettingName = "thread_safety",
+	        .type = VK_LAYER_SETTING_TYPE_BOOL32_EXT,
+	        .valueCount = 1,
+	        .pValues = &setting_thread_safety,
+	    },
+	    {
+	        .pLayerName = layer_name,
+	        .pSettingName = "debug_action",
+	        .type = VK_LAYER_SETTING_TYPE_STRING_EXT,
+	        .valueCount = 1,
+	        .pValues = static_cast<const void *>(&setting_debug_action),
+	    },
+	    {
+	        .pLayerName = layer_name,
+	        .pSettingName = "report_flags",
+	        .type = VK_LAYER_SETTING_TYPE_STRING_EXT,
+	        .valueCount = setting_report_flags.size(),
+	        .pValues = static_cast<const void *>(setting_report_flags.data()),
+	    },
+	    {
+	        .pLayerName = layer_name,
+	        .pSettingName = "enable_message_limit",
+	        .type = VK_LAYER_SETTING_TYPE_BOOL32_EXT,
+	        .valueCount = 1,
+	        .pValues = &setting_enable_message_limit,
+	    },
+	    {
+	        .pLayerName = layer_name,
+	        .pSettingName = "duplicate_message_limit",
+	        .type = VK_LAYER_SETTING_TYPE_UINT32_EXT,
+	        .valueCount = 1u,
+	        .pValues = &setting_duplicate_message_limit,
+	    },
+	});
+
+	const VkLayerSettingsCreateInfoEXT layer_settings_create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LAYER_SETTINGS_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+		.settingCount = settings.size(),
+		.pSettings = settings.data()
+	};
+
 	auto layers = std::vector<const char *> {
 		"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation",
 	};
 
 	auto instance_info = VkInstanceCreateInfo {
 		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pNext = &layer_settings_create_info,
 		.pApplicationInfo = &app_info,
 		.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(layers.size()),
 		.ppEnabledLayerNames = layers.data(),
@@ -174,32 +240,6 @@ void Instance::initialize_instance()
 	ensure(m_instance, "Failed to create vulkan instance");
 }
 
-void Instance::initialize_debug_messenger()
-{
-	const auto info = VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT {
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
-
-		.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT
-		                   | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT
-		                   | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT
-		                   | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT,
-
-		.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT
-		               | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT
-		               | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT,
-
-
-		.pfnUserCallback = &validation_layers_callback,
-
-		.pUserData = {},
-	};
-
-	ensure(
-	    !vk_create_debug_messenger(m_instance, &info, nullptr, &m_debug_messenger),
-	    "Failed to create vulkan debug utils messenger"
-	);
-}
-
 void Instance::load_library()
 {
 	library = dlopen("libvulkan.so", RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/instance.hpp

@@ -1,103 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#define VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
+#include <renderer/vk/vulkan.hpp>
-#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include <vulkan/vulkan_xlib.h>
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
 
-inline void vkc(VkResult result)
-{
-	if (result)
-	{
-		throw std::runtime_error {
-			std::format("Vulkan call failed with result: {}", std::to_underlying(result))
-		};
-	}
-}
-// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-// global functions
-extern PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vk_get_instance_proc_address;
-extern PFN_vkCreateInstance vk_create_instance;
-extern PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties vk_enumerate_instance_extension_properties;
-extern PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties vk_enumerate_instance_layer_properties;
-
-// instance functions
-extern PFN_vkDestroyInstance vk_destroy_instance;
-extern PFN_vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices vk_enumerate_physical_devices;
-extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties vk_get_physical_device_properties;
-extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties;
-extern PFN_vkCreateDevice vk_create_device;
-extern PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr vk_get_device_proc_address;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyDevice vk_destroy_device;
-extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures vk_get_physical_device_features;
-extern PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties vk_enumerate_device_extension_properties;
-
-// extension instance functions
-extern PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_cmd_begin_debug_label;
-extern PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_cmd_end_debug_label;
-extern PFN_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_cmd_insert_debug_label;
-extern PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vk_create_debug_messenger;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vk_destroy_debug_messenger;
-extern PFN_vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_queue_begin_debug_label;
-extern PFN_vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_queue_end_debug_label;
-extern PFN_vkQueueInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_queue_insert_debug_label;
-extern PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT vk_set_debug_object_name;
-extern PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT vk_set_debug_object_tag;
-extern PFN_vkSubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT vk_submit_debug_message;
-
-// surface instance functions
-extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_support;
-extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_capabilities;
-extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_formats;
-extern PFN_vkCreateXlibSurfaceKHR vk_create_xlib_surface_khr;
-extern PFN_vkDestroySurfaceKHR vk_destroy_surface_khr;
-
-// device functions
-extern PFN_vkGetDeviceQueue vk_get_device_queue;
-extern PFN_vkCreateCommandPool vk_create_command_pool;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyCommandPool vk_destroy_command_pool;
-extern PFN_vkAllocateCommandBuffers vk_allocate_command_buffers;
-extern PFN_vkFreeCommandBuffers vk_free_command_buffers;
-extern PFN_vkBeginCommandBuffer vk_begin_command_buffer;
-extern PFN_vkEndCommandBuffer vk_end_command_buffer;
-extern PFN_vkCmdPipelineBarrier vk_cmd_pipeline_barrier;
-extern PFN_vkQueueSubmit vk_queue_submit;
-extern PFN_vkQueueWaitIdle vk_queue_wait_idle;
-extern PFN_vkDeviceWaitIdle vk_device_wait_idle;
-extern PFN_vkCreateFence vk_create_fence;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyFence vk_destroy_fence;
-extern PFN_vkWaitForFences vk_wait_for_fences;
-extern PFN_vkResetFences vk_reset_fences;
-extern PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vk_create_semaphore;
-extern PFN_vkDestroySemaphore vk_destroy_semaphore;
-extern PFN_vkCreateSwapchainKHR vk_create_swapchain_khr;
-extern PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR vk_destroy_swapchain_khr;
-extern PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR vk_get_swapchain_images_khr;
-extern PFN_vkAcquireNextImageKHR vk_acquire_next_image_khr;
-extern PFN_vkQueuePresentKHR vk_queue_present_khr;
-extern PFN_vkCreateImageView vk_create_image_view;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyImageView vk_destroy_image_view;
-extern PFN_vkCreateRenderPass vk_create_render_pass;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyRenderPass vk_destroy_render_pass;
-extern PFN_vkCreateFramebuffer vk_create_frame_buffer;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyFramebuffer vk_destroy_frame_buffer;
-extern PFN_vkCreateShaderModule vk_create_shader_module;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyShaderModule vk_destroy_shader_module;
-extern PFN_vkCreatePipelineLayout vk_create_pipeline_layout;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyPipelineLayout vk_destroy_pipeline_layout;
-extern PFN_vkCreateGraphicsPipelines vk_create_graphics_pipelines;
-extern PFN_vkDestroyPipeline vk_destroy_pipeline;
-extern PFN_vkCmdBeginRenderPass vk_cmd_begin_render_pass;
-extern PFN_vkCmdEndRenderPass vk_cmd_end_render_pass;
-extern PFN_vkCmdBindPipeline vk_cmd_bind_pipeline;
-extern PFN_vkCmdDraw vk_cmd_draw;
-extern PFN_vkCmdSetViewport vk_cmd_set_viewport;
-extern PFN_vkCmdSetScissor vk_cmd_set_scissors;
-
-// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-
 /**
  * Responsible for dynamically loading Vulkan library/functions.
  *
@@ -141,8 +47,6 @@ private:
 
 	void initialize_instance();
 
-	void initialize_debug_messenger();
-
 	void load_library();
 
 	void unload_library();
@@ -154,8 +58,6 @@ private:
 	void load_device_functions_impl(VkDevice device);
 
 	VkInstance m_instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-	VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT m_debug_messenger = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 };
 
 } // namespace lt::renderer::vk

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/instance.test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
+#include <test/test.hpp>
+
+using namespace lt;
+using renderer::vk::Instance;
+using test::Case;
+using test::expect_not_nullptr;
+using test::Suite;
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE
+Suite raii = "raii"_suite = [] {
+	Case { "post singleton insantiation state is correct" } = [] {
+		expect_not_nullptr(Instance::get());
+
+		using namespace renderer::vk;
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_instance_proc_address);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_instance);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_enumerate_instance_extension_properties);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_enumerate_instance_layer_properties);
+
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_instance);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_enumerate_physical_devices);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_physical_device_properties);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_device);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_device_proc_address);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_device);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_physical_device_features);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_enumerate_device_extension_properties);
+
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_begin_debug_label);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_end_debug_label);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_insert_debug_label);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_debug_messenger);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_debug_messenger);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_queue_begin_debug_label);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_queue_end_debug_label);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_queue_insert_debug_label);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_set_debug_object_name);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_set_debug_object_tag);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_submit_debug_message);
+
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_physical_device_surface_support);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_physical_device_surface_capabilities);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_physical_device_surface_formats);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_xlib_surface_khr);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_surface_khr);
+	};
+
+	Case { "post load device functions state is correct" } = [] {
+		using namespace renderer::vk;
+		expect_not_nullptr(Instance::get());
+
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_device_queue);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_command_pool);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_command_pool);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_allocate_command_buffers);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_free_command_buffers);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_begin_command_buffer);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_end_command_buffer);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_pipeline_barrier);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_queue_submit);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_queue_wait_idle);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_device_wait_idle);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_fence);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_fence);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_wait_for_fences);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_reset_fences);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_semaphore);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_semaphore);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_swapchain_khr);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_swapchain_khr);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_get_swapchain_images_khr);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_acquire_next_image_khr);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_queue_present_khr);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_image_view);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_image_view);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_render_pass);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_render_pass);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_frame_buffer);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_frame_buffer);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_shader_module);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_shader_module);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_pipeline_layout);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_pipeline_layout);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_create_graphics_pipelines);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_destroy_pipeline);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_begin_render_pass);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_end_render_pass);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_bind_pipeline);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_draw);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_set_viewport);
+		expect_not_nullptr(vk_cmd_set_scissors);
+	};
+};

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/surface.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <lt_debug/assertions.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
 #include <surface/components.hpp>
 
@@ -8,8 +7,8 @@ Surface::Surface(const ecs::Entity &surface_entity)
 {
 	const auto &component = surface_entity.get<surface::SurfaceComponent>();
 
-	esnure(component.get_native_data().display, "Failed to initialize usrface: null x-display");
+	ensure(component.get_native_data().display, "Failed to initialize vk::Surface: null x-display");
-	esnure(component.get_native_data().window, "Failed to initialize usrface: null x-window");
+	ensure(component.get_native_data().window, "Failed to initialize vk::Surface: null x-window");
 
 	auto create_info = VkXlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR {
 		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_XLIB_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/surface.test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/messenger.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/test_utils.hpp>
+#include <surface/components.hpp>
+#include <surface/system.hpp>
+#include <test/test.hpp>
+
+using ::lt::ecs::Entity;
+using ::lt::ecs::Registry;
+using ::lt::renderer::vk::Surface;
+using ::lt::surface::SurfaceComponent;
+using ::lt::surface::System;
+
+Suite raii = "surface"_suite = [] {
+	Case { "happy path won't throw" } = [&] {
+		auto observer = ValidationObserver {};
+
+		auto registry = lt::create_ref<Registry>();
+		auto entity = Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+		auto surface_system = System(registry);
+
+		entity.add<SurfaceComponent>(SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+		    .title = "",
+		    .resolution = constants::resolution,
+		    .visible = true,
+		});
+
+		const auto surface = Surface { entity };
+		const auto &[x, y] = surface.get_framebuffer_size();
+
+		expect_eq(x, constants::resolution.x);
+		expect_eq(y, constants::resolution.y);
+		expect_not_nullptr(surface.vk());
+		expect_false(observer.had_any_messages());
+	};
+
+	Case { "unhappy path throws" } = [&] {
+		auto observer = ValidationObserver {};
+		auto registry = lt::create_ref<Registry>();
+		auto entity = Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+
+		entity.add<SurfaceComponent>(SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+		    .title = "",
+		    .resolution = constants::resolution,
+		    .visible = true,
+		});
+
+		expect_throw([&] { Surface { entity }; });
+		expect_false(observer.had_any_messages());
+	};
+};

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #include <ranges>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/device.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/context/swapchain.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/validation.hpp>
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
 

modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.hpp

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory/pointer_types/null_on_move.hpp>
-#include <renderer/vk/context/device.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/vulkan.hpp>
-#include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
 
 class Swapchain
 {
 public:
-	Swapchain(const Device &device, const Surface &surface);
+	Swapchain(const class Device &device, const class Surface &surface);
 
 	~Swapchain();
 

modules/renderer/private/vk/debug/messenger.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory/pointer_types/null_on_move.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/instance.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/vulkan.hpp>
+
+namespace lt::renderer::vk {
+
+class Messenger
+{
+public:
+	// NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-enum-size)
+	enum Severity : decltype(std::to_underlying(
+	    VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM_EXT
+	))
+	{
+		verbose = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT,
+		info = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT,
+		warning = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT,
+		error = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT,
+
+		all_severity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT
+		               | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT
+		               | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT
+		               | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT,
+	};
+
+	// NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-enum-size)
+	enum Type : decltype(std::to_underlying(VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM_EXT))
+	{
+		general = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT,
+		validation = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT,
+		performance = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT,
+
+		// address_binding = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BINDING_BIT_EXT,
+
+		/** @note: does not include address binding yet. */
+		all_type = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT
+		           | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT
+		           | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT,
+	};
+
+	using CallbackData_T = const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *;
+
+	using Callback_T = std::function<void(
+	    Severity message_severity,
+	    Type message_type,
+	    CallbackData_T vulkan_data,
+	    void *user_data
+	)>;
+
+	struct CreateInfo
+	{
+		Severity severity;
+
+		Type type;
+
+		Callback_T callback;
+
+		void *user_data;
+	};
+
+	explicit Messenger(CreateInfo info)
+	    : m_callback(std::move(info.callback))
+	    , m_user_data(info.user_data)
+	{
+		ensure(m_callback, "Failed to initialize vk::Messenger: null callback");
+		ensure(info.severity != Severity {}, "Failed to initialize vk::Messenger: null severity");
+		ensure(info.type != Type {}, "Failed to initialize vk::Messenger: null type");
+
+		// Instance may not be initialized yet
+		// Making it get initialized inside a call to vk_create_debug_messenger
+		// Which would invoke a nullptr...
+		if (!vk_create_debug_messenger)
+		{
+			Instance::get();
+		}
+
+		const auto vulkan_info = VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+			.messageSeverity = info.severity,
+			.messageType = info.type,
+			.pfnUserCallback = &validation_layers_callback,
+			.pUserData = this,
+		};
+
+		ensure(
+		    !vk_create_debug_messenger(Instance::get(), &vulkan_info, nullptr, &m_debug_messenger),
+		    "Failed to create vulkan debug utils messenger"
+		);
+	}
+
+	~Messenger()
+	{
+		vk_destroy_debug_messenger(Instance::get(), m_debug_messenger, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	Messenger(Messenger &&) = default;
+
+	Messenger(const Messenger &) = delete;
+
+	auto operator=(Messenger &&) -> Messenger & = default;
+
+	auto operator=(const Messenger &) const -> Messenger & = delete;
+
+
+private:
+	static auto validation_layers_callback(
+	    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT const message_severity,
+	    VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT const message_type,
+	    VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT const *const callback_data,
+	    void *const vulkan_user_data
+	) -> VkBool32
+	{
+		auto *messenger = (Messenger *)vulkan_user_data; // NOLINT
+		ensure(messenger, "Null vulkan_user_data received in messenger callback");
+
+		messenger->validation_layers_callback_impl(message_severity, message_type, callback_data);
+		return VK_FALSE;
+	}
+
+	void validation_layers_callback_impl(
+	    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT message_severity,
+	    VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT message_type,
+	    const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *callback_data
+	)
+	{
+		m_callback(
+		    static_cast<Severity>(message_severity),
+		    static_cast<Type>(message_type),
+		    callback_data,
+		    m_user_data
+		);
+	}
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT> m_debug_messenger = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	Callback_T m_callback;
+
+	void *m_user_data;
+};
+
+} // namespace lt::renderer::vk

modules/renderer/private/vk/debug/messenger.test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/messenger.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/test_utils.hpp>
+#include <surface/components.hpp>
+#include <surface/system.hpp>
+#include <test/expects.hpp>
+#include <test/test.hpp>
+
+using namespace lt;
+using renderer::vk::Messenger;
+using renderer::vk::Surface;
+using enum Messenger::Severity;
+using enum Messenger::Type;
+
+void noop_callback(
+    Messenger::Severity message_severity,
+    Messenger::Type message_type,
+    Messenger::CallbackData_T vulkan_data,
+    void *user_data
+)
+{
+}
+
+Suite raii = "messenger_raii"_suite = [] {
+	Case { "happy path won't throw" } = [] {
+		Messenger(
+		    Messenger::CreateInfo {
+		        .severity = all_severity,
+		        .type = all_type,
+		        .callback = &noop_callback,
+		    }
+		);
+	};
+
+	Case { "unhappy path throws" } = [] {
+		expect_throw([] {
+			Messenger(
+			    Messenger::CreateInfo {
+			        .severity = all_severity,
+			        .type = all_type,
+			        .callback = {},
+			    }
+			);
+		});
+
+		expect_throw([] {
+			Messenger(
+			    Messenger::CreateInfo {
+			        .severity = {},
+			        .type = all_type,
+			        .callback = &noop_callback,
+			    }
+			);
+		});
+
+		expect_throw([] {
+			Messenger(
+			    Messenger::CreateInfo {
+			        .severity = all_severity,
+			        .type = {},
+			        .callback = &noop_callback,
+			    }
+			);
+		});
+	};
+};
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-interfaces-global-init)
+Suite callback = "messenger_callback"_suite = [] {
+	Case { "callback gets called with correct arguments" } = [] {
+		auto total_messages = 0u;
+		auto first_message_is_severity = false;
+		auto second_message_is_type = false;
+		auto third_message_is_user_callback = false;
+		auto all_messages_are_error = true;
+		auto all_messages_are_validation = true;
+		auto user_data_is_always_69 = true;
+
+		auto callback = [&](Messenger::Severity message_severity,
+		                    Messenger::Type message_type,
+		                    Messenger::CallbackData_T vulkan_data,
+		                    void *user_data) {
+			++total_messages;
+			auto message = std::string_view { vulkan_data->pMessage };
+
+			// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-cstyle-cast)
+			user_data_is_always_69 = user_data_is_always_69 && *(size_t *)user_data == 69u;
+
+			all_messages_are_validation = all_messages_are_validation && message_type == validation;
+			all_messages_are_error = all_messages_are_error && message_severity == error;
+
+			if (total_messages == 1)
+			{
+				first_message_is_severity = message.starts_with(
+				    "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(): pCreateInfo->messageSeverity is zero."
+				);
+				return;
+			}
+
+
+			if (total_messages == 2)
+			{
+				second_message_is_type = message.starts_with(
+				    "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(): pCreateInfo->messageType is zero."
+				);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (total_messages == 3)
+			{
+				third_message_is_user_callback = message.starts_with(
+				    "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(): pCreateInfo->pfnUserCallback is NULL."
+				);
+				return;
+			}
+		};
+
+		auto user_data = size_t { 69 };
+		auto messenger = Messenger(
+		    Messenger::CreateInfo {
+		        .severity = all_severity,
+		        .type = all_type,
+		        .callback = callback,
+		        .user_data = &user_data,
+		    }
+		);
+
+		{
+			auto *messenger = VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT {};
+			auto info = VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT {
+				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+			};
+			renderer::vk::vk_create_debug_messenger(
+			    renderer::vk::Instance::get(),
+			    &info,
+			    nullptr,
+			    &messenger
+			);
+		}
+
+		expect_eq(total_messages, 3u);
+		expect_true(first_message_is_severity);
+		expect_true(second_message_is_type);
+		expect_true(third_message_is_user_callback);
+		expect_true(all_messages_are_error);
+		expect_true(all_messages_are_validation);
+		expect_true(user_data_is_always_69);
+	};
+};

modules/renderer/private/vk/debug/validation.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <renderer/vk/vulkan.hpp>
+
+namespace lt::renderer::vk {
+
+inline void vkc(VkResult result)
+{
+	if (result)
+	{
+		throw std::runtime_error {
+			std::format("Vulkan call failed with result: {}", std::to_underlying(result))
+		};
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace lt::renderer::vk

modules/renderer/private/vk/pipeline.test.cpp

@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
-#include <ranges>
 #include <renderer/vk/context/context.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/pipeline.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/test_utils.hpp>
 #include <surface/system.hpp>
 #include <test/test.hpp>
 
 using namespace lt;
 
-using std::ignore;
-using test::Case;
-using test::expect_throw;
-using test::expect_true;
-using test::Suite;
-
 using renderer::vk::Context;
 using renderer::vk::Pipeline;
 
-constexpr auto resolution = math::uvec2 { 800, 600 };
-
 class VkPipelineTest
 {
 public:
@@ -29,7 +21,7 @@ public:
 		m_surface_entity = create_scope<ecs::Entity>(m_registry, m_registry->create_entity());
 		m_surface_entity->add<surface::SurfaceComponent>(surface::SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
 		    .title = "",
-		    .resolution = resolution,
+		    .resolution = constants::resolution,
 		});
 
 		m_context = create_ref<Context>(*m_surface_entity, m_stats);
@@ -57,7 +49,7 @@ private:
 	Ref<Context> m_context;
 };
 
-Suite raii = [] {
+Suite raii = "raii"_suite = [] {
 	Case { "happy path won't throw" } = [] {
 		auto fixture = VkPipelineTest {};
 		std::ignore = Pipeline { { .context = fixture.context() } };

modules/renderer/private/vk/test_utils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include <renderer/vk/test_utils.hpp>

modules/renderer/private/vk/test_utils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ranges>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/messenger.hpp>
+#include <surface/components.hpp>
+#include <surface/system.hpp>
+#include <test/test.hpp>
+
+using ::lt::test::Case;
+using ::lt::test::expect_eq;
+using ::lt::test::expect_false;
+using ::lt::test::expect_not_nullptr;
+using ::lt::test::expect_throw;
+using ::lt::test::expect_true;
+using ::lt::test::Suite;
+using ::std::ignore;
+
+namespace constants {
+
+constexpr auto resolution = lt::math::uvec2 { 800u, 600u };
+
+}
+
+class ValidationObserver
+{
+	using Messenger = lt::renderer::vk::Messenger;
+	using enum Messenger::Type;
+	using enum Messenger::Severity;
+
+public:
+	ValidationObserver()
+	    : m_messenger(
+	          Messenger::CreateInfo {
+	              .severity = all_severity,
+	              .type = lt::renderer::vk::Messenger::all_type,
+	              .callback = &callback,
+	              .user_data = &m_had_any_messages,
+	          }
+	      )
+	{
+	}
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto had_any_messages() const -> bool
+	{
+		return m_had_any_messages;
+	}
+
+private:
+	static void callback(
+	    Messenger::Severity message_severity,
+	    Messenger::Type message_type,
+	    Messenger::CallbackData_T vulkan_data,
+	    void *user_data
+	)
+	{
+		std::ignore = message_severity;
+		std::ignore = message_type;
+
+		std::println("Validation message: {}", vulkan_data->pMessage);
+
+		// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-cstyle-cast)
+		*(bool *)user_data = true;
+	}
+
+	Messenger m_messenger;
+	bool m_had_any_messages = false;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct std::formatter<VkExtent2D>
+{
+	constexpr auto parse(std::format_parse_context &context)
+	{
+		return context.begin();
+	}
+
+	auto format(const VkExtent2D &val, std::format_context &context) const
+	{
+		return std::format_to(context.out(), "{}, {}", val.width, val.height);
+	}
+};
+
+inline auto operator==(VkExtent2D lhs, VkExtent2D rhs) -> bool
+{
+	return lhs.width == rhs.width && lhs.height == rhs.height;
+}

modules/renderer/private/vk/vulkan.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan_xlib.h>
+
+namespace lt::renderer::vk {
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+// global functions
+extern PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vk_get_instance_proc_address;
+extern PFN_vkCreateInstance vk_create_instance;
+extern PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties vk_enumerate_instance_extension_properties;
+extern PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties vk_enumerate_instance_layer_properties;
+
+// instance functions
+extern PFN_vkDestroyInstance vk_destroy_instance;
+extern PFN_vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices vk_enumerate_physical_devices;
+extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties vk_get_physical_device_properties;
+extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties;
+extern PFN_vkCreateDevice vk_create_device;
+extern PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr vk_get_device_proc_address;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyDevice vk_destroy_device;
+extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures vk_get_physical_device_features;
+extern PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties vk_enumerate_device_extension_properties;
+
+// extension instance functions
+extern PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_cmd_begin_debug_label;
+extern PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_cmd_end_debug_label;
+extern PFN_vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_cmd_insert_debug_label;
+extern PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vk_create_debug_messenger;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vk_destroy_debug_messenger;
+extern PFN_vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_queue_begin_debug_label;
+extern PFN_vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_queue_end_debug_label;
+extern PFN_vkQueueInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT vk_queue_insert_debug_label;
+extern PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT vk_set_debug_object_name;
+extern PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT vk_set_debug_object_tag;
+extern PFN_vkSubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT vk_submit_debug_message;
+
+// surface instance functions
+extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_support;
+extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_capabilities;
+extern PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_formats;
+extern PFN_vkCreateXlibSurfaceKHR vk_create_xlib_surface_khr;
+extern PFN_vkDestroySurfaceKHR vk_destroy_surface_khr;
+
+// device functions
+extern PFN_vkGetDeviceQueue vk_get_device_queue;
+extern PFN_vkCreateCommandPool vk_create_command_pool;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyCommandPool vk_destroy_command_pool;
+extern PFN_vkAllocateCommandBuffers vk_allocate_command_buffers;
+extern PFN_vkFreeCommandBuffers vk_free_command_buffers;
+extern PFN_vkBeginCommandBuffer vk_begin_command_buffer;
+extern PFN_vkEndCommandBuffer vk_end_command_buffer;
+extern PFN_vkCmdPipelineBarrier vk_cmd_pipeline_barrier;
+extern PFN_vkQueueSubmit vk_queue_submit;
+extern PFN_vkQueueWaitIdle vk_queue_wait_idle;
+extern PFN_vkDeviceWaitIdle vk_device_wait_idle;
+extern PFN_vkCreateFence vk_create_fence;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyFence vk_destroy_fence;
+extern PFN_vkWaitForFences vk_wait_for_fences;
+extern PFN_vkResetFences vk_reset_fences;
+extern PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vk_create_semaphore;
+extern PFN_vkDestroySemaphore vk_destroy_semaphore;
+extern PFN_vkCreateSwapchainKHR vk_create_swapchain_khr;
+extern PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR vk_destroy_swapchain_khr;
+extern PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR vk_get_swapchain_images_khr;
+extern PFN_vkAcquireNextImageKHR vk_acquire_next_image_khr;
+extern PFN_vkQueuePresentKHR vk_queue_present_khr;
+extern PFN_vkCreateImageView vk_create_image_view;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyImageView vk_destroy_image_view;
+extern PFN_vkCreateRenderPass vk_create_render_pass;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyRenderPass vk_destroy_render_pass;
+extern PFN_vkCreateFramebuffer vk_create_frame_buffer;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyFramebuffer vk_destroy_frame_buffer;
+extern PFN_vkCreateShaderModule vk_create_shader_module;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyShaderModule vk_destroy_shader_module;
+extern PFN_vkCreatePipelineLayout vk_create_pipeline_layout;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyPipelineLayout vk_destroy_pipeline_layout;
+extern PFN_vkCreateGraphicsPipelines vk_create_graphics_pipelines;
+extern PFN_vkDestroyPipeline vk_destroy_pipeline;
+extern PFN_vkCmdBeginRenderPass vk_cmd_begin_render_pass;
+extern PFN_vkCmdEndRenderPass vk_cmd_end_render_pass;
+extern PFN_vkCmdBindPipeline vk_cmd_bind_pipeline;
+extern PFN_vkCmdDraw vk_cmd_draw;
+extern PFN_vkCmdSetViewport vk_cmd_set_viewport;
+extern PFN_vkCmdSetScissor vk_cmd_set_scissors;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+} // namespace lt::renderer::vk